Alternative Medicine Essay Example

Alternative Medicine Essay In this century, a wide rang of people choose alternative and complementary medicine to help alleviate their diseases or improve their general health. According to the World Health Organization (1996, p. 1), â€Å"The term complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) refers to ways of protecting and restoring health that existed before the arrival of modern medicine†. Instead of taking a pill, some patients are opting for alternative medicine, such as yoga, tai chi and massage therapy. Other patients would prefer Chinese traditional medicine, which has no side effects, but is necessary to continue with long term treatment. However, critics argue that patients who receive CAM treatment expose themselves to high potential risks, such as medication interactions. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of unconventional therapies. The benefits of the CAM include relief of pain and help with psychological illness with few known side effects. On the other hand, the drawbacks of these medicines are that they are inappropriate for many conditions and lack of medical instructions. One of the key benefits of the complementary and alternative therapies is they can ease pain and relieve mental illness. The movement asserts that more than 600 surveys have demonstrated the benefits of it. Most experts hold it can ease stress, high blood pressure and insomnia. According to Regg (1997, p. 25), studies have shown that half the population uses complementary therapies annually and twenty percentages of those people using CAM are workers. For instance, patients can choose massage, yoga and chiropractors comforting their daily pressure. It is also available that CAM therapies can primary health care without chemicals or doctors. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Medicine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, some suffers can relieve their mental stress or help alleviate mental psychological diseases through the CAM treatments. Donarski states that in the past two decades, children and adolescents,who have increased suffering from depression (i. e. , psychopharmaceuticals), are usually using the treatment of conventional medicine. Some studies, however, have shown that CAM is more effective in alleviating mental diseases. For example, they can do exercise, followed by meditation and orthomolecular supplements. Another advantage of unconventional medicine is the absence of side effect. Some surveys illustrate that a wide range number of alternative medicine is safer than conventional drugs. Nowadays, a large number of people who choose herbal products a lieu of prescription medication assume that these products are safe due to their natural features. In some developing countries, patients still continue to use traditional medicine because their primary health care are always associated with a variety of species of plants and animals. Medicine plant plays an important role in potent therapeutic agents. During 1950-1970 about 100 plants are introduced in American market (Verma, 2008, p.345-350). According to some Chinese history records, ancient people often used herbal medicine to alleviate or cure their illness. CAM, however, is inappropriate for a number of conditions. Compared with CAM, modern medicine therapies are more effectively in the serious illnesses and accidents. Complementary drugs are not able to treat serious trauma, such as broken leg, acute peritonitis and heart attack. These diseases should associate with modern diagnostic tests, medical equipments and related drugs, which are not appropriate using CAM to mend patients’ diseases. Buzescu emphasizes that unconventional medicine is more dangerous to cure acute peritonitis than conventional drugs are (2011, p. 127-132). In addition, non-conventional medicine has no medical instructions, including lack of dosage instructions and no regulation. Some traditional medicine has high potential risks because patients can self-dose with herbals. The studies show that the general population, who excessive dosage of this drug can result in allergic reactions (Anonymouse, 2009, p. 624). Moreover, the non-conventional medicine is also lack of regulation. For example, Acupuncture, an old therapeutic method, includes both needle and nonneedle acupuncture. They are absence of controlled studies. Some needles are not disinfected with alcohol, which is not diasostic for patients’ health because of bacterial infections. In conclusion, complementary and alternative medicine has benefits and drawbacks. According to Buzescu (2011, pp. 127-132), conventional and nonconventional are difficult to compare due to the various needs by the patients. Unconventional medicine has some advantages including alleviating Prev Page patients’ physical and psychological pain, and having less or even no side effects. Their disadvantages, however, are inevitable because they are not appropriate for a number of situations and lack of regulation. In recent years, a great number of people have begun to choose the CAM treatments, but others are still worried about their safety. Some experts advocate that when using alternative therapies, it is essential to educate yourself about the cure or system you want to use. Keep the alternative and complementary medicine’s pros and cons in mind. That can make the difference between you having positive experiences or not. Reference List Buzescu,M (2011). Advantages and disadvantages of complementary medicine in otitis media in children . Brasov,Romania. Retrieved from http://gateway. library. qut. edu. au/login? url=http://search. proquest. com. ezp01. library. qut. eduau/docview/1010816657? accountid=13380 Donarski, Janene M (2007). Medical and mental health practitioners perceptions of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments for depression in children and adolescents. Retrieved from http://gateway. library. qut. edu. au/login? url=http://search. proquest. com. ezp01. library. qut. edu. au/docview/304699018? accountid=13380 Mark,R (1998). Good medicine. In H. Kaye (Ed. ), Alternative medicine (pp. 24-25). Balmain,N. S. W. Schafer, Lisa M. , Hsu, Clarissa. , Eaves, Emery Rose. ,Ritenbaugh, Cheryl. , Turner, Judith. , Cherkin, Daniel C. , Sims, Colette. , Sherman, Karen J. (2012). Complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)providers view of chronic low back pain patients doi:http://dx. doi. org. ezp01. library. qut. edu. au/10. 1186/1472-6882-12-234 Verma,Sheetal. ,Singh,S,P (2008). Current and future status of herbal medicines. Veterinary World, 1(11), 347-350. doi:10. 5455 /vetworld. 2008. 347-350 Prev Page

The Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamian cultures essays

The Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamian cultures essays The Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamian cultures over a period of time illustrated correspondence within both civilizations. Both cultures resembled through influence of similar geographical features, written records, government and architecture. The Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamian cultures are geographically influenced by location and adaptation of survival skills. Both cities are located near rivers. People lived near these rivers because the rivers provided a lot of things that made life possible like water for farming, fishing, water for building and hygiene. In the mind of the Egyptians, the Nile was the supreme fertilizer and re-newer of the land. Each September the Nile floods its valley, transforming it into a huge are of marsh or lagoon. By the end of November the water retreats, leaving behind a thin covering of fertile mud ready to be planted with crops. -A history of world societies fifth edition; pg.19. At the Nile River flooding was a blessing because when the waters retreated it left behind a layer of rich silt that made farming easy. Furthermore, both cultures made transportation from province to another accessible along the river to trade a variation of goods. The survival skills of both civilizations a llowed them to cultivate their new environments during seasonal changes. Both cultures have had similar forms of writing; the Mesopotamians used a pictograph system known as Cuneiform. Whereas, Egyptians used a method of pictographic writing called "Hieroglyphic." Symbols for ideas and determinatives were also commonly used, and helped to elaborate on and make sense of what was being written about. Through their style of writing both civilization were able to communicate as well as distinguish themselves from other cultures. The Egyptians enjoyed such prosperity that they developed writing of their own, mathematical skills, and religious beliefs that influenced the lives of ...

Lakes in Kenya Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lakes in Kenya - Research Paper Example Indeed lakes are important geographical features that are formed through certain processes. A lake is defined by Chave (2001) as a body of inland standing water while oxford dictionaries (2013) defines them as huge masses of water surrounded by dry land. Kenya is a country in Africa that that has several lakes and they are Baringo, Bogoria, Chala, Chew Bahir, Elementaita, Jipe, Kamnarock, Logipi, Magadi, Naivasha, Nakuru, Turkana and Victoria. This paper is going to look at three lakes in Kenya which are Lake Bogoria, Lake Nakuru and Lake Victoria, their formation, properties, and their economic benefits. Lakes can either be natural or artificial and Chave (2001) says that natural lakes are a result of natural processes while artificial lakes are constructed by man for various purposes such as hydropower generation. The lakes discussed here are natural lakes which have an ecosystem. Lake Bogoria This is a lake in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya and is amongst what some are calling Rif t Valley lakes. These lakes are small, shallow and occupy slightly sloping depressions on the Rift Valley floor (Crafter, 1992). The lake has a length of 21.13 miles and a width of 2.175 it lays north of the equator and it is an alkaline lake. The lake is a tourist attraction site because of its soda water that attracts flamingoes. Another major tourist attraction in Lake Bogoria is the hot water geyser, and steams that are bubbling hot. Geysers are violent gushes of water from under the surface and can get to a height of between 30-60 metres. These geysers are a result of hydrological activities underground. In areas experiencing volcanic activity, water may be heated underground and through fissures get to the surface in form of jets of hot water (McLeish, 1992).It is common sight to see visitors boil eggs in the hot water. Apart from flamingoes there are fish eagles. There are also other wild animals such as gazelles, Kudu, Zebra and Baboons (Magicalkenya .com 2013). Lake Baringo -hot springs (courtesy of Kenyaphotos.wordpress.com) Lake Nakuru This lake which is 1754 m above sea level is found on the Rift Valley and it very popular with tourists to Kenya because of the large of flamingoes it hosts. The lake is in Nakuru County and it is within Lake Nakuru national park. According to magicalkenya.com this is also a soda lake which is alkaline. An alkaline lake is that whose water has a ph of 7 and above. Therefore certain animal and plant species thrive in them while others do not. Living within the park are wild animals such as both black and white rhinos, warthogs, waterbuck, zebra, buffalo and the endangered Rothschild giraffe amongst others. The lake resulted from tensional forces on rocks leading to formation of normal faults secondary faulting followed leading to more subsidence and formation of a hollow that is filled with water (Opati, 2007). This process is characteristic of other rift valley lakes. The park is a source of revenue for the Nakuru Coun ty and a source of employment to many residents. Lake Nakuru if fed by only one river known as river Njoro (inlet) and it does not have an outlet and this is the reason as to why it does not have fish. Lake Nakuru (Picture courtesy of tripadvisor.com) Lake Victoria This is a huge lake whose size is 67,493 sq kms and it is shared by three countries which are Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. According to WorldAtlas (2013), Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the largest tropical lake in the world. Importantly, it is the second largest fresh water lake in the world after Lake Superior in America.Its water flows down the Nile River into Egypt. It was the explorer John Hanning Speke who discovered Lake Victoria as the source of river Nile. McClanahan (1996) says

See Below. I also have a Word Document which has research notes Essay

See Below. I also have a Word Document which has research notes - Essay Example A profitable hobby, if it remains so, naturally will become a business. This does not mean that a business should always create enormous income and continue to maintain the statuesque year after year. Losses are permitted in every business; but they usually attain the form of a continuous flow where losses the profit are merged. Business is not completely bound by sales, profit or timeframe; nevertheless, the initial recognition of the activity as a business matter a lot for the taxpayer and this recognition is guided by the business logic of making profit, even though it very often fails to reach the expectations. On the contrary, a hobby need not show any profit and can remain a source of pleasure, recreation and fun. Hobby touches the creative and imagination of the person, whereas business is connected with the dry financial gratification1. In a hobby, the person is not answerable to anyone, because it is not a profit-making venture. While "business is any profession, trade, manu facture, or undertaking carried on for pecuniary profit," hobb is is an activity conducted primarily for private pleasure or recreation." http://www.mcleanandco.co.nz/Page115.htm Returning to your horse farm, if losses are continuing every year, beyond a certain business logic, it is not unnatural that IRS, after auditing, placed it under the category of Hobbies. Speaking from the financial/tax point of view, any hope of deducting the expenses would cease here, while the venture remains an expensive and creative activity of self-satisfaction2. Our suggestion is that instead of fighting the case now, it is prudent to wait for the final determination letter and then, armed with all the categorised information, you can start answering the points to resurrect the business angle3. Right now, it is difficult to fathom the grounds on which the categorisation is done, although we can guess; instead, it will be far easier for you to answer the categorisation. To do so, you, as a businessman should be able to show the business path and the convincing hope of attaining such a goal, which will bring the farm into the business-fold. Twenty horses that you maintain on fifty acres of land, and the time that you spend on this farm, especially since your home occupies three acres of the entire land should not be very difficulty to argue that they all fall under the business category. Not having any profit in the last six years, and your statement that you spend only a quarter of your time on the farm, would naturally lead IRS to decide in favour of hobby, denying the full-fledged business status4. In our counter-argument, we shall forcefully argue that hired hands were continuously working on the farm in your absence and considering the situation of your house in the farm, you have spent much more time than a quarter of it, because you lived on the farm and attended to the farm responsibilities at any time according to the need and this includes the emergency, sickness, medical attention etc. that you might have attended to even during the nights and this argument is perfectly acceptable, as IRS knows that livestock need attention beyond working hours. From the profit-making angle, it has to be argued that profit was illusive all these years, because the horses were young and were at the growing stage. Only now, they have started producing colts and

Critique Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique Assignment - Coursework Example The research being conducted is a quantitative research where trials and simulations were used to collect data. In this research, the participants were subjected to tests, some of which were multiple choices, while some involved the use of a Likert-scale, to measure their response towards the questions asked, and the research question at large. The previous studies in the research include a study by Ackerman, Kanfer and Goff (1995) with their study on cognitive and noncognitive determinants and consequences and complex skill acquisition. Another study is by Kanfer and Ackerman (1989). Kraiger, Ford and Salas (1993) are other authors whose study on the interaction between goal orientation and cognitive ability, was used in the study. Studies by Dweck (1986, 1989) on motivational processes affecting learning were also used in the literature and motivation, were also used in the literature. Farr, Hofmann and Ringenbach (1993) on goal orientation and action control theory, also had their study used in the literature of this study. Studies by Button et al. (1996) on goal orientation in organizational research, Ford, Smith, Weissbein, Gully and Salas (1998) on relationship on goal orientation, Kozlowski et al. (2001) on effects of training goals and goal orientation on multi-dimension training, and Philip and Gully (1997) on role of goal orientation, ability need for achievement and locus of control in the self-efficacy goal setting process, are among other studies listed in the literature review.

Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention Case Study

Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention Case Study Frances Roulet The assignment: (3-4 pages) Provide an analysis of the crisis depicted in the Case Study in this weeks Learning Resources. Explain how you would apply the Hybrid Model to the crisis in the Case Study. Integrate Maslows model into your evaluation and explain how you did so. In 1972 a military infantryman flew home alone from Vietnam. When he arrived in his hometown, San Antonio, TX, no one was there to greet him. His return was not communicated to his family, and his wife was at work in the mayor’s office while his six-year-old daughter and 10-year-old son were at school. Feeling confused and without family, friends, or military support, he took a bus to a nearby stop and walked the remainder of the way home. He searched out two guns in his home and asked his neighbor if he could borrow her car. He then left to pick up his children at school and walked into the school firing at faculty and students. Several teachers and students were gunned down. He found his two children, took them, and left for the San Antonio mayor’s office to find his wife. At that time he left his children in the car, re-loaded his guns, and went into his wife’s office, again firing his guns and apparently killing several individuals including a number of counc ilpersons, police officers, and the mayor. You are a Professor of Counselor Education and Supervision at a university in San Antonio, TX. Apply the Six-Step Model of Crisis Intervention for responding in this community. Case study: Vignette. Analysis. In the Case Vignette No. 1, the soldier had been deployed back to his hometown in San Antonio, Texas. Hoge, Lesikar, Guevara, Lange, Brundage, Engel, Orman, Messer (2002) explained that researches conducted after military conflicts, deployment stressors and exposing soldiers to combat were considered risks factors of mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder, [PSTD], major depression, substance abuse, impairment in social functioning and in the ability to work and the increase use of health care services. In this case, although there is insufficient information about the infantry soldier; and, we do not know if he faced directly combat, this soldier and part of his comrades were exposed to danger, injuries and death on a daily basis. Although not everyone exposed to violence or traumatic events may develop PTSD, factors, such as, the intensity of the trauma and proximity to the circumstances can increase the propensity of developing the disorder (Phillips, LeardMann, Gumbs Smith, 2010). According to Phillips, LeardMann, Gumbs Smith (2010) when a person is exposed to combat, and have constant threats of death or witness to it, serious injury or witness to it become significant risk factors for screening positive for postdeployment PTSD among soldiers as well as, violence exposures prior entering the infantry. Hoge, Castro, Messer, McGurk, Cotting, Koffman (2004) explained that soldiers and marines presented new onset PTSD after returning from combat several months later. These investigators explained that in their study a 7.6% was revealed with probable new onset PTSD. In the Case Vignette No. 1, he definitely was presenting new onset symptoms for PTSD because he felt confused, alone without support and no communication. There is a probability that he might have been impacted and presented symptoms of PTSD before being deployed to Vietnam, and returned traumatized with his experience in Vietnam. The infantry soldier of this case, was impacted, and presented symptoms of PTSD apparently before being deployed to Vietnam, and returned even more traumatized with his Vietnam experience. These same investigators explained that one study was conducted before the military operation with Iraq and Afghanistan and they discovered that a 6 of all US military service personnel on active duty received treatment for mental disorders each year (Hoge, Castro, Messer, McGurk, Cotting, Koffman, 2004). Based on my analysis, this case has greater risk for developing a combat related psychological disorder, not to mention criminal charges for hurting and killing innocent people. And, at his return, he found out that there was no communication was done before his arrival, no family member’s to receive. Phillips, LeardMann, Gumbs Smith (2010) explained that when a person is exposed to combat, and, have constant threat of death or witness to it, serious injury or witness to it become significant risk factors for screening positive for post-deployment PTSD. Hybrid Model to the crisis in the Case Study TRIAGE ASSESSMENT FORM: CRISIS INTERVENTION CRISIS EVENT. Identify and describe briefly the crisis situation: The identified male is a Vietnam infantry soldier rushed in emergency during morning hours. There were direct witness to several traumatic events and victims of a shooting. Some of these traumatic events were: The lost of coworkers, friends and neighbors of the community. The impact of an extreme loud noise impacting their physical being. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN Identify and describe briefly the affect that is present. (If more than one affect is experienced, rate with #1 being primary, #2 secondary, #3 tertiary.) No. 1. Feeling of fear and anxiety: The victims remain with a high level of fear that could be badly hurt or killed. After being a direct witness to the whole event of shooting and seeing people he knew from the community and how they were falling and dispersing. The victims may present a possibility of not being able to remember details of how they managed to escape from the traumatic event. No. 2. Feeling of being confused: Feeling confused of what happened or not being able to comprehend the traumatic event. No. 2. Feeling of guilty: Feeling guilty of running away from the event when they could of helped a neighbor, friend or co-worker. No. 2. Feeling anguished when speaking of the traumatized events. No. 2. Feeling sad. No. 3. Anger feelings completely repressed. Affective Severity Scale Circle the number that most closely corresponds with client’s reaction to crisis. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Moderate Impairment à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Affect may be incongruent with situation. Extended periods of intense negative moods. Mood is experienced noticeably more intensely than situation warrants. Affects may be obviously incongruent with situation. BEHAVIORAL DOMAIN Identify and describe briefly which behavior is currently being used. (If more than one behavior is utilized, rate with #1 being primary, #2 secondary, #3 tertiary.) APPROACH: Direct witness to several traumatic events, such as the scene of bodies of people around the victims. The tendency of the victims is running as far as they can from the traumatic and noxious event. AVOIDANCE: Victims may not want to avoid meeting new friends in order to develop and maintain a social circle. And, also may avoid having the opportunity of a new relationship. IMMOBILITY: The victims may constantly be re-experiencing the traumatic event of Vietnam. Their spontaneous memories of the traumatic events, recurrent dreams about the mornings where he was exploded the attacks, that killed several people and injured others were rushed that same morning. They might present flashbacks of the dramatic and traumatic events of the morning. The victims explained especially when they turn around to see what had happened. And, they see others being abused and terrorized. They immediately remember the traumatic event and they keep seeing more people dead. Then, they begins feeling scared and non trustful from all people that surrounds them. They present a prolonged distress. Behavioral Severity Scale Circle the number that most closely corresponds with client’s reaction to crisis. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Moderate Impairment à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Behaviors are maladaptive but not immediately destructive. Behaviors are difficult to control even with repeated requests. Behavior is becoming a threat to self or others and increasingly difficult to control. Ability to perform tasks necessary for daily functioning may be noticeably compromised. COGNITIVE DOMAIN Identify if a transgression, threat, or loss has occurred in the following areas and describe briefly. (If more than one cognitive response occurs, rate with #1 being primary, #2 secondary, #3 tertiary PHYSICAL (food, water, safety, shelter, etc.): During the escape from the shooting, and although they do not recall how they managed to escape or how they managed to get to the opposite side of the affected area, they suffered deprivation of safety and medical and psychological attention for several minutes. According to Gilliland (2013) the transgression, threat, loss or the three may be perceived as an association to whatever the person physical needs are. ___1___ TRANSGRESSION ___1____THREAT ___1____LOSS PSYCHOLOGICAL (self-concept, emotional well being, identity, etc.): They present a persistent and distorted sense of confusion or guiltiness of not able to help others. They may present arousal when presenting sleep disturbance, hyper-vigilance during the following weeks. ___1___ TRANSGRESSION ___1____THREAT ___1____LOSS SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS (family, friends, co-workers, etc.): Some of the victims may have lost friends, family members, and neighbors when they were forced to run for their lives in order to continue living after the traumatic event suffered. They may markedly diminished interest in activities, such as their social life and interpersonal relationships. Gilliland (2013) explains that the disturbance, regardless of its triggers causes clinical significant distress and at times impairment in her social interactions and capacity to work. ___1___ TRANSGRESSION ___1____THREAT ___1____LOSS MORAL/SPIRITUAL (personal integrity, values, belief system, etc.): They might questioned their spiritual believes, or may want to see a representative of their religious community in order to feel reassure their spiritual believes ___1___ TRANSGRESSION ___1____THREAT ____1___LOSS Cognitive Severity Scale Circle the number that most closely corresponds with client’s reaction to crisis. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Moderate Impairment à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Client’s perception and interpretation of crisis event may differ in some respects with reality of situation. Intrusive thoughts of crisis event with limited control. Problem solving and decision-making abilities adversely affected by obsessiveness, self-doubt, confusion. Client experiences recurrent difficulties with problem-solving and decision making abilities. Problem-solving and decision making abilities minimally affected. Client’s perception and interpretation of crisis event substantially match with reality of situation. DOMAIN SEVERITY SCALE SUMMARY Affective à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Cognitive à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Behavioral à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Total à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  21 Developmental Ecological Assessment Approach. Stage of Psychosocial Development. In this particular case, the developmental psychosocial stages of all the victims were working class adults in their working environment and during normal working hours. And, school students in an early morning studying period hours of a regular weekday. References Hoge, C., W., Castro, C., A., Messer, S., C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I. Koffman, R., L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(1): 13-22. Hoge, C., W., Lesikar, S., E., Guevara, R., Lange, J., Brundage, J., F., Engel, C., C., Orman, D., T. Messer, S., C. (2002). Mental Disorders among US military personnel in the 1990s: Association with high levels of Health care utilization and early military attrition. American Journal Psychiatry, 159: 1576-1583. James, R. Gilliland, B. (2013). Crisis Intervention Strategies. (7th Edition). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Phillips, C. J., LeardMann, C. A., Gumbs, G. R., Smith, B. (2010). Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder among deployed US male marines. BMC Psychiatry, 10(1): 52. Vogt, D. S., Tanner, L. R. (2007). Risk and resilience factors for posttraumatic stress symptomatology in Gulf War I veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(1): 27-38.

Ethical Considerations when implementing OSS :: Open Source Software Technology Essays

Ethical Considerations when implementing OSS I. Background Starting from 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using the term "Open Source Software" instead of "Free Software". At that time, I was working for Sun Microsystem for one of the "Open Source Software" project -- localization of Mozilla. Sun Microsystem is one of the biggest system company in the "Open Source Software" community. a) Difference between "free software" and "open source" Comparing to "Free Software", the term ``open source software'' is associated with a different engineering approach, different values, and even a different criterion for which licenses are acceptable. We differentiate the Free Software movement and the Open Source movement with different views and goals, although engineers can and do work together on some practical projects. The fundamental difference between the two movements is in their values. For the Open Source movement, the issue of whether software should be open source is a practical question, not an ethical one. Open source is a development methodology, whereas free software is a social movement. In other words, Open Source Software is not absolutely free, non-free software is optional. For the Free Software approach, software should be free. However, the official definition of "Open Source Software,'' as published by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition of free software. The obvious meaning for the expression ``open source software'' is ``You can look at the source code.'' What does that mean? Actually, by this definition, free software, semi-free programs such as Xv, and even some proprietary programs, are all "Open Source Software" since we can look at the source code as long as we have the licence. Linux is "open source'' software meaning, simply, that anyone can get copies of its source code files. I think the defintion of "Open Source Software" from the state of Kansas is better: "Make use of open-source software (OSS). OSS is software for which the source code is freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that code." The explanation for ``free software'' is simple -- a person who has the right to use the software for zero price. The main argument for the term "open source software'' is that "free software'' makes some people uneasy. We can easily find this kind of argument in any "open source software" community.

How useful is the term ‘cultural revolution’ when applied to the sixties?

The sixties are definitely remembered by its generation as a time of significant change. Many associate the period fondly with memories of groups such as The Beatles and The Kinks, at the same time remembering the many protests and movements that hoped to change the ideas and values of society. In answer to whether the term ‘cultural revolution' is useful when applied to the sixties, study of these disciplines is most certainly necessary. Despite the period of study being only a matter of decades from present day, we still face the same problems any historian would face given the same question applied to a time centuries ago. The validity of the sources is of utmost importance; fortunately in regards to the music of the sixties we have records from the time, and charts to show the popularity of groups and artists. In regards to the field of science, there is a great variety of primary source material due to the nature of the profession. One could safely assume that the documented research and findings were indeed accurate and reliable information from educated professionals. Science in the sixties is very much associated with protests, surprisingly not only by rebellious radicals but respected public figures and people at the top of their fields and professional careers. With figures such as Eisenhower raising concerns regarding the dominance and excess of military weapons the public had to stand up and listen. People's faith in the government was undermined by the disillusionment of events that happened in the Vietnam War. The sixties almost certainly contributed to the changing in attitudes towards authority, leading the way for if not a cultural revolution, then a shift in peoples thinking, and an intolerance for civilians to be left in the dark. People were willing to stand up for what they believed in, which resulted in a number of forces converging to cause traditional values to be thrown aside. However, at the same time we must acknowledge that these concerns that were being voiced in the early sixties were primarily a result of the military development in technological warfare in the forties and fifties such as the atomic bomb. The question was, why had these concerns taken so long to be voiced? A major part in the many protests and movements had to be the media; both television and radio were in the position to sensationalize an issue and selectively control the information they presented. Therefore, people began to be driven more by drama than by tradition and reflection. Images of devastation from around the world were transmitted into people's living rooms and for the first time they were able to see for themselves the devastation of war and military arms. If we understand the term ‘cultural revolution' as a transformation in the attitudes towards authority and a change in the everyday lives of people then television had to be at the forefront of this revolution. It was a huge influence behind the protests at MIT opposing America's involvement in the Vietnam War. These images outraged people and this rage ignited movements to oppose the war and resist the conscription. Attitudes to authority changed, there was an outrage against a government who were sending the sixties youth to their deaths for a war that didn't involve America. As a result of scientific research in aid of war, the sixties saw the introduction of chemical warfare; biological weapons such as DDT were developed and used to kill vegetation and crops that the Vietcong were using as groundcover and as food sources. This was a huge revolution and advancement in scientific development but further fuelled the concerns of movements of two kinds, those that were anti-science, and those that were not against science; but the practices of scientists in the late sixties. The revolution also affected the way in which scientists carried out their work, they had lost their intellectual freedom; the military governed what research they conducted and prohibited them from publishing their findings in journals and publications. These were definitely the results of a technological revolution. The irony is, that whilst the government and military funded expensive scientific research, putting not only finances but also great amounts of control and trust into the scientists, it was these scientists who had the most power over the country. Opposition to military involvement wasn't the only counter-movement regarding scientific research in the sixties; there was also huge objection in the roles of women in scientific study. The grievance was more than the issue that there were few women working in the science field, but also that the majority who had been successful in pursuing a career in science weren't able to sustain their posts. A study by Rossi in 1965 showed that compared to males, more females across a range of occupations voluntarily left their posts, more so in the field of science. The study also showed that women counted for only 10% of individuals who worked in science. It was findings like this that began movements for the cause of ‘women's liberation' and were a sign of changing times and a revolution in the role of women who sought for the same rights to education and employment opportunities as men. It was also two women in science who played a major role in revolutionizing ideas about the human embryo. Lenz and Kelsey's research went against all that previously been believed about pregnant women and their unborn children. They're research tackled and exposed the ignorance of traditional practices; primarily challenging the idea at the time, that what didn't harm the pregnant mother, couldn't harm her child. Through their insistence that babies react differently to drugs, nicotine, alcohol etc, they radically transformed neonatal studies. When applied to the struggle for women to be acknowledged in the field of science, the term ‘cultural revolution' is extremely useful, because movements in the sixties paved the way for more women into education. For example, the demand for advanced education to be more accessible to women saw the number of women graduate in primatology go from zero in the 1960's to eight out of ten students in the 1990's. This was clearly an outstanding achievement that shows the impact of the sixties. Music was another field that underwent a radical transformation during the sixties. It wasn't simply a case of new trends being introduced however. The sixties music scene was about existing trends, the revival of early music and the introduction of original sounds. In terms of music, the sixties could be seen as a cultural revolution. The variety of styles contributed to challenging existing ideas about music, and showed the importance for them to co-exist to establish a rich and lively music scene. The sixties music scene is renowned for being associated with the Beatles and rebellious figures such as Jimi Hendrix and The Kinks, however, at the same time existing trends were still hugely popular as was the early music revival. It was the co-existence of the three that made the sixties revolutionary. Bands and artists embraced the rich and diversified music styles, and the sixties saw much experiment with lyrics and instruments. Not least, among these were The Beatles, their shift from usual music styles is evident in Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Heavily influenced from eastern styles, this was nothing innovative; however, it was a relatively unheard style among the British fans. It appealed to the sixties generation who sought alternative lifestyles and the blending of cultures set to challenge pre-conceived ideas of Brit-pop. Jimi Hendrix was also at the forefront of the sixties music revolution, with erotic and suggestive mannerisms he appealed to the generation who consumed sexual liberation. His rebellious and aggressive music was something that protesters and anarchists at the time could identify with, finding their own voice in this expressive form. The early music revival, although established in the late fifties, was at its most prevalent in the sixties. This interest in a period of music that had previously been ‘forgotten' demonstrated a transformation in the tastes of the sixties generation. Although classic composers such as Handel and Bach had been popular in earlier periods, there was one main difference in the appreciation of early music during the sixties. The emphasis of the early music revival was the desire for authenticity; the sixties saw a change to how these compositions were performed; which led to experimentation in tempo, instruments and styles of singing. It is argued that the sixties were not an isolated period for cultural change; and that the sixties merely followed on from what had began in the late fifties. The changes that were seen to happen in the sixties could just as well be attributed to the upshot of the end of the war. Families had experienced a great disruption in their lives; many had been killed in the war and had left families shattered. The women's liberation could be a reaction to women resenting their return to domestic duties and pre WWII lifestyle, after having filled the roles of men in the workplace when manpower was limited. The seventies also played their part in this cultural change; despite the rise of feminism and gay rights initiating in the late sixties, they didn't fully come into fruition until the seventies. However, in spite of the roles the fifties and seventies played in what is seen as a ‘cultural revolution', the sixties is undoubtedly synonymous with all that was radical and new at that time. In conclusion, having only looked at two disciplines, it leaves us limited to answer whether the sixties were indeed a ‘cultural revolution'. However, in regards to the examples we've seen in both the fields of music and science, there is certainly proof that the sixties were a significant time for change. Its impossible to know for certain whether these changes would have taken place if not for situations and circumstances that arose during the sixties, and whether they were in fact just a consequence of a nation recovering from war. Despite this, the term ‘cultural revolution' is certainly useful when applied to the sixties in a number of examples; attitudes to authority were challenged, women gained greater access into education and music appeared to unite and give voice to rebellious protesters who sought a change in ideas and values.

California Medicaid Cuts

California Medicaid Cuts The proposed California medical cuts are initiatives, which the federal government has initiation to minimize the cost of treatment to the people whose income level is relatively low. This plan targets the low income group who depends on agriculture as the source of livelihood, thus might not be able to meet the high cost of hospitalization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on California Medicaid Cuts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reports have acknowledged that Healthcare costs have drastically increased and low economic growth has thrown many residents in the area, a situation that necessitates government involvement in the matter. Although the proposed medical cuts have significant affects on the privately owned community hospitals in the state, the facility owners need no panic because the anticipated legislations would not affect their operations completely. For example, there are some proposed cuts that are likel y to be most relevant for the operation of the hospital. Therefore, the hospital owners need to focus on the reductions that will help them achieve remarkable level of development and economic sustainability. The proposed California medical cuts will reduce the overall state’s expenditure and probably ease the level of taxation of the people. In return, the low income earners might have some money to seek medication at the community facility. The healthcare medical cuts would also result to substantial reduction of Medicacid program that the state government rolls to help the low income earners meet the cost of treatment.1 The reduction in the amount of money spent on the scheme means that there are people who might not get the security of the Medicacid program and would use their own money to finance their medical cost. In this regard, the community health facilities would remain relevant to the people and will continue to offer treatment to the local patients from the low i ncome category. In helping the low income earners cope with the rising cost of employments, their involvement into the medical scheme would make sure that they obtain this essential service. On the other hand, the increased number of people losing their employment due to job cut that result from economic down turn indicates that the Medicacid program will experience increased enrolment beyond its capacity.2 Since the government might not fund the increasing medical cost of the rising low income earners, it will reduce its contribution to the program. This will for a number of local people with low income to use their limited financial capability to seek medical attention from the community facilities.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other proposed healthcare medical cut that the government intends to implement that would be relevant to the operation of the ho spital is reducing the provider’s payments. This is significant because the amount of money that the medical facility owner will spend could reduce. As a result, he or she would spend more money on developing the facility and be able to provide best treatment to the patients. Third, the proposed healthcare medical cut that the government intends to implement that would be relevant to the operation of the hospital is promoting the program integrity.3 Here, the government intends to put efforts to improve the honesty with which the treatment services are provided to the people. Therefore, the patients who visit such facilities would get the best medical attention, thus will not shun the facilities. Therefore, most of the proposed healthcare medical cuts would be relevant to the operation of the hospital and the owners should mainly focus on quality. Bibliography Kaiser, Henry. California Medicaid Cuts Spark Anger; N.Y. Medicaid Fraud Detection. 2012. New York, NY: Henry J. Kais er Family Foundation. Lambert, Lisa. Fewer Jobs Means more Spending on U.S. Medicacid. (2012). New York, NY: Thomson Reuters. Vibeck, Elise. â€Å"Report: Medicacid Costs Squeezing State Budget.† (2012). The Hill’s Healthwatch Report, pp. 1-2. Footnotes 1 Henry Kaiser. California Medicaid Cuts Spark Anger; N.Y. Medicaid Fraud Detection (2012) New York, NY: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on California Medicaid Cuts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 2 Lisa Lambert. Fewer Jobs Means more Spending on U.S. Medicacid (2012) New York, NY: Thomson Reuters 1. 3 Elise Vibeck. â€Å"Report: Medicacid Costs Squeezing State Budget† 2012 The Hill’s Healthwatch Report 1.

Infosys Ltd Essays

Infosys Ltd Essays Infosys Ltd Essay Infosys Ltd Essay Infosys Limited (NYSE: INFY) was started in 1981 by  seven people with US$ 250. Today, we are a global leader in consulting, technology and outsourcing with revenues of US$ 7. 231 billion (LTM Q3 FY13). Many of the world’s most successful organizations rely on Infosys to deliver measurable business value. Infosys provides business consulting, technology, engineering and outsourcing services to help clients in over 30 countries build tomorrow’s enterprise. Our award:  To set standards in our business and transactions and be an exemplar for the industry and ourselves Integrity and Transparency:  To be ethical, sincere and open in all our transactions Fairness:  To be objective and transaction-oriented, and thereby earn trust and respect Excellence:  To strive relentlessly, constantly improve ourselves, our teams, our services and products to become the best pic] BUSINESS EXCELLENCE Business Excellence, as described by the European Foundation for Quality Manageme nt (EFQM), refers to;†Outstanding practices in managing the organization and achieving results, all based on a set of eight fundamental concepts†, these being, â€Å"results orientation; customer focus; leadership and constancy of purpose; management by processes and facts; people development and involvement; continuous learning, innovation and improvement; partnership development; and public responsibility†. This definition serves as a typical example of those put forward today.In general, business excellence models have been developed by national bodies as a basis for award programmes. For most of these bodies, the awards themselves are secondary in importance to the wide-spread take up of the concepts of business excellence, which ultimately lead to improved national economic performance. By far the majority of organizations that use these models do so for self-assessment, by which they can identify improvement opportunities, areas of strength, and use the mode l as a framework for future organizational development.Users of the EFQM Excellence Model, for instance, do so for the following purposes: [pic] When used as a basis for an organization’s improvement culture, the business excellence ‘criteria’ within the models broadly channel and encourage the use of  best practices  into areas where their effect will be most beneficial to performance. When used simply for self-assessment the criteria can clearly identify strong and weak areas of management practice so that tools such as  benchmarking  can be used to identify  best-practice to enable the gaps to be closed.These critical links between business excellence models, best practice, and benchmarking are fundamental to the success of the models as tools of continuous improvement. The most popular and influential model in the western world is the one launched by the US government called the Malcolm Baldrige Award Model (also commonly known as the Baldrige model , the Baldrige criteria, or The Criteria for Performance Excellence). More than 60 national and state/regional awards base their frameworks upon the Baldrige criteria. New Business Excellence (NBX) for Property Casualty (P C) Commercial Lines Improving the effectiveness and efficiency of underwriting and related business processes is critical to profitable growth. Infosys New Business Excellence (NBX) solution for P ; C enables commercial lines carriers to revamp new business processes and leverage technology. NBX helps carriers improve their operational efficiency and makes underwriting more effective by making it data driven, thus creating a robust platform for sustained rofitable growth. Legacy IT systems and traditional manual paper-intensive workflow prevent efficient integration of information across the enterprise for many commercial lines carriers. As a result, they have to spend time and money on underwriting even routine flow type risks. Our NBX solution is an integrated framework which transforms the whole new business submission process for commercial lines carriers. It is based on four core concepts, which allow integration of new business applications and enable: Capturing and converting content to electronic form Use of rules engines for analysis and predictive modeling Integrated workflow management Integrated data exchange with common user interface NBX enables: Complete automation of the underwriting process of flow business, e. g. commoditized products like Business Owners Package Systematic processing of some of the transaction business e. g. complex risks like commercial liability by simulating underwriter decisions through rules engines.It means only the highly complicated risk selection scenarios are routed as exceptions for manual underwriting. [pic] The impact of each activity in the underwriting value-chain: [pic] |Infosys bags CII-Exim Bank Award for Business Excellence  news | | |[pic] | Infosys Technologies has been declar ed the winner of the CII-Exim Bank Award for Business Excellence 2002, becoming the first software services company to win this prestigious honour.The award acknowledges Infosys excellence in Total Quality Management in the following areas: leadership, policy and strategy; people, customer-driven processes, partnerships, corporate citizenship and performance in creating value for all its stakeholders (customers, shareholders, employees, partners and the society at large). The Confederation of Indian Industry and the Export Import Bank of India jointly instituted the CII-EXIM Bank Award for Business Excellence in 1994. It is today recognized as one of the most prestigious awards in India for business excellence.The rigorous process of assessment, lasting six months, follows the Business Excellence Model based on the European model for Total Quality Management, a global benchmark. Announcing the award during the 10th Quality Summit, CII deputy director general N Srinivasan said: The m embers of the jury are very pleased to award this trophy to a company that has become a role model for its value-based leadership, exemplary corporate governance, best-in-class processes, caring and development of people, commendable wealth creation, and delivery of world-class products and services. Acknowledging the award, Infosys Technologies chairman and chief mentor N R Narayana Murthy said: The 13,000-strong family of Info scions and the Infosys Foundation are very honored to have been conferred this award. I am very thankful to CII and the Exim Bank for having partnered with us in our journey to excellence. This award is a great honor for Infosys and recognizes our passion for excellence. At Infosys, it is our mission to continuously strive to set higher standards.The CII assessment takes a holistic view of excellence, fosters integration and promotes a uniform understanding of improvement strategies and opportunities. The review and feedback process has been a great learni ng experience and we look forward to sharing our journey with other corporations, says K Dinesh, member of the board and director (quality, HR and IS) Infosys Technologies, while presenting the Infosys journey at the Quality Summit. Leading the software services industry, Infosys is placed with previous eminent winners from the manufacturing sector in India such as Hewlett Packard, Maruti Udyog and Tata Steel.Reputed global corporations in Europe who have received awards based on this model include Rank Xerox, Ericsson, IBM, Texas Instruments, British Telecom and TNT. New business process is a key Infosys’ view is that new business processing is most significant time and cost area for carriers. From this application emerges a solution concept that is based on four core principles that tightly that integrates a carrier’s new business applications and enable straight through processing with minimum manual operations and hand offs.Infosys’s integrated approach to u nderwriting address various shortcomings of current state 1. Capturing and converting content to electronic form 2. Integrated workflow management 3. Integrated data exchange with common user interface 4. Business rules engines and analytics for better risk profiling BENEFITS OF THE NEW APPROACH 1. Profitable growth 2. Operational efficiency 3. Underwriting effectiveness 4. Employee and channel productivity

Legal Consciousness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Legal Consciousness - Essay Example The law pulls us by manipulating our mindsets; as such, it manages to shape our activities. Therefore, behaviors and codes that we observe are resultant of guidelines since the law attracts us into adopting them. The push appears as an obligatory application of the law because when persons fail to follow the law, then they are forced to follow it. As such, the law pushes or forces persons into adopting a desired habit, which shapes their activities. According to Myers (2004), most teachers suffer law consequences because they are mainly ignorant to new codes and regulations that are binding. Therefore, I would update myself frequently to avoid such situations. However, when confronted by challenges, my immediate response would entail evaluating the matter critically to identify my alternatives and the consequences of adopting any of the available option. As such, I would firstly seek to familiarize myself with the current events and novel regulations that affect my duties. I would then adopt an action most suited in correcting the situation and afterwards institute strategies that would avoid future recurrences. An apparent reality that an administrator must understand is that one can never cover problems, thus, facing them remains the viable solution. As such, I would seek to respond to arising problems coherently. Administrators monitor a group of individuals with diverse personalities, intentions and concerns making them face challenges emerging from varied sectors (Parkay & Stanford, 2007). This indicates that an administration post demands one to have a tactical mind that can respond to such predicaments effectively. I would always seek to gather the necessary information before communication my stand when faced by any problem. As such, research would be my guiding term since I never approve an idea of furnishing my client

Analysis of Jane Eyre similarities between Bertha and Jane Essay

Analysis of Jane Eyre similarities between Bertha and Jane - Essay Example While Jane dominates the whole novel, it is only towards the third part of the novel that we are exposed to Bertha in person. Physically there is no comparison whatsoever, as there are no grounds at all. Jane is plain but not ugly; Bertha is grotesque. A comparison is possible only between the deeply subconscious state of Bertha and Jane's childhood misery, where she is confined to the frightful hole and wallows in terror. In the second chapter, the little child Jane gets scared and screams " Miss Jane screamed so loud Madam" (Bronte 12), pleads Bessie. Mrs. Reed condemns her as a "precocious actress in the eyes, a compound of virulent passions, mean spirit and dangerous duplicity" (Bronte 12). Jane is a creature of circumstances. She is unable "to bear the doctrine of endurance." Perhaps one may attempt a comparison to Bertha in this context, far fetched though it is likely to be. Chapter 3 talks of Jane being "wretched of mind" (Bronte 14). There is wretchedness in her heart. It is there in Bertha too. Why else would a mentally deranged woman rip the wedding veil apart and crush it underfoot Rochester in the guise of the fortune teller talks of Jane's "melancholy arising from loneliness" (Bronte 176) as reflected in her eye. Bertha is mad. Is her madness melancholy Bertha's reaction to the veil creates such a doubt in the reader, though one tends to squash it and attribute the action to her madness. Jane speaks of herself as "passionate but not vindictive" (Bronte 211) to her dying aunt. Bertha also is passionate - capable of intense feeling. Grace Poole calls her 'tolerable', 'snappish', 'not 'rageous today' (Bronte 259) Only the child Jane who mentions that she was beside herself or rather out of herself and is referred to as a "mad cat" can help bring comparisons to the forefront. "Dear dear ! What a fury to fly at Master John! Did ever anybody see such a picture of passion!" (Bronte 7) She is said to be an underhand little thing with so much cover. Abigail says, "It was always in her" and that "I have told Missus often my opinion about the child, and Missus agreed with me. She is an underhand little thing. I never saw a girl of her age with so much cover" (Bronte 8).The little Jane revolts against injustice vigorously. Her reason screams "Unjust! Unjust!". Mr. Lloyd talks to himself and says that her nerves are not in a good state. In Chapter 6, Jane, on a wave of introspection attributes her lack of good home and parents to her abnormal reasoning - wishing the wind to howl more wildly and "the confusion to rise to clamour" (Bronte 46). The first that we hear of Bertha is her laugh "mirthless, curious, distinct" (Bronte 92) As Dr. Sally Minogue states (Minogue, XVIII), "Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, in their groundbreaking study of nineteenth century fiction talk about psychoanalytic rather than realist terms. Following this, we can be persuaded that " Bertha's Gothic disruptions are Jane's rebellions writ large. Both threaten social stability, and both are contained, Bertha physically, Jane by self restraint. The red room is deliberately recalled in Bertha's incarceration in the third storey, and the she-devil called Mrs. Reed sees in the ten year old Jane, 'all fire and violence' (p. 211), prefigures Bertha's